Human beings act in a different way from 1 of animals just because they can speak while animals cannot. 2 the cleverest animals cannot do things which to us seem very 3 and which small children, 4 they learn to talk, would be able to do.

A German scientist, who 5 experiments for many years with big apes, found that his apes could 6 his sticks as tools to pull down bananas which they could not 7 . But they only used the stick to get a banana when both the banana and the stick were 8 view at the same time. If the banana was in front of them and the stick was behind them, they could not use the stick. They could not 9 the banana 10 enough in mind to look around and then pick up the stick and use it.

Jogging is becoming one of the 1 growing activities in the nation. More people are starting jog each year. This, however, is a recent occurrence. It was not long ago 2 joggers were rare sight. Some people thought that they looked quite strange. As 3 people began jogging the sight of them became more common.

There are many reasons 4 a person to take up jogging. First, it is a good form of exercise. This is 5 it involves the use of many parts of the body. The exercising of the heart is of great benefit. This is one of the most important parts of the human body. If the heart does not get the needed exercise, serious problems can occur.

6 reason for jogging is for enjoyment. 7 being good for people, it can also be very much fun.

Part of the fun of jogging comes from the opportunity it provides for meeting other people who enjoy it.

One 8 that should be considered 9 a person takes up jogging as a form of exercise of enjoyment is that it is not for everyone. People should first check 10 their doctors and be prepared to find another form of exercise if jogging is not recommended.

Several regions in the world are subject 1 storms which are so severe that they cause damage on a tremendous scale. The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The 2 term for such severe storms is “cyclone”(龙卷风). The term “hurricane” is 3 for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious 4 : in a cyclone, the wind circulates in a clockwise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. 5 cyclones and hurricanes have one ominous similarity.

26 the damage they cause on land and at sea， they are identical.

Australia undergoes a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The cyclones occur mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere.

7 the Australian cyclones don’t cause great damage because Australia’s northern territory has vast empty regions that are virtually unpopulated. There are 8 coastal cities. When a cyclone does move inland from the sea, it usually blows itself out without 9 any inhabitated area. However, in 1917 the small city of Townville was 10 devastated by a cyclone. There was a public outcry about it. People demand an adequate warning system. Ever since then the meteorological bureau has regularly issued alarms in advance of every serious cyclone.

It is not surprising that people 1 ever associate Britain with wine and in fact it may astonish you to learn that grapes are grown 2 in England and nearly 200,000 bottles of wine were sold in 1975. 3 very new in growing grapes in Britain, in spite of the climate. The Romans planted the first vines about AD 300 and 4 a long time people always drank home-produced wines. What 5 the English wine industry was not so much a change in the climate 6 the fact that an English king, Henry II, inherited the Bordeaux area of France as part of his dominions during the twelfth century and the imported wine provided 7 of competition. The English wine industry did not disappear, however, 8 the sixteenth century, when the monks, who had been the main producers in the meantime, had their estates taken away by Henry VIII. The new owners let the vineyards die out. But now English people, probably 9 their memories of holidays by the Mediterranean, drink more wine than 10 and the new industry is now developing at a modest but consistent rate.

As the plane circled over the airport, everyone felt that something was 1 . The plane was moving unsteadily in the air. At that moment, the air-hostess 2 . She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but 3 in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if 4 of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car. 5 a moment’s hesitation, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.

Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the instruction that 6 by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously 7 the ground, but to everyone’s joy, it soon began to climb. The man had to 8 the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls. But the danger had not yet passed. The terrible moment came when he had to land. 9 instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long run it stopped 10 . Outside a crowd of people who had been watching anxiously rushed forward to congratulate the “pilot” on a perfect landing.

Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate”. But not all experts agree that this is a good idea.

One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.

David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms, but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate”.

Shopping-bag ladies don’t beg publicly, but they do not refuse what is offered. Once a shoppingMbag lady appears where you live, it is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to pay no attention to the collection box in church. And although you may not like it, if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, it is as morally hard to turn her away as it is to do with a lost dog.

Most shopping-bag ladies seem to be between the ages of 40 and 65. They wear layers of clothes even in summer time, with newspaper filled between the layers as something against bad weather.

No one knows how many shopping-bag ladies there are in New York. The number is going up. Some persons and researchers spend a great deal of time taking care of or observing shopping-bag ladies and doing what they can to better the life of lady hermits (隐士) who’re down.

Art, said Picasso, is a lie that makes us realize the truth. So is a map. We do not usually associate the precise work of the map worker with a fanciful object of art. Yet a map has many qualities that a painting or a poem has. It is truth realized in a symbolic way, holding meanings it does not express on the surface. And like work of art, it requires imaginative reading.

Thus, map and reality are not, and cannot be, identical. No aspect of map use is so obvious yet so often overlooked. Most map reading mistakes occur because the user forgets this vital fact and expects a one-to-one correspondence between map and reality. A map, like a painting, is just one special version of reality. To understand a painting, you must have some idea of the medium which was used by the artist.

You wouldn’t expect a water color to look anything like an oil painting or a charcoal （木炭）drawing, even if the subject matter of all three were identical. In the same way, the techniques used to create maps will greatly influence the final representation. As a map reader, you should always be aware of the invisible hand of the map maker. Never use a map without asking yourself how it has been biased by the methods used to make it.

If the entire map making process operates at its full potential, communication takes place between the map maker and the user. The map maker translates reality into the clearest possible picture under the circumstances, and the map reader converts this picture back into an impression of the environment. For such communication to take place, the map reader as the map maker must know something about how maps are created.

If you do not find the required information using the tips from the previous section, then you need to consult an online service to find the piece of information you were looking for. Three different types of services have been established over the years: crawlers, directories and meta search engines.

The first crawler was created back in 1993. It was called the World Wide Worm. It crawled from one site to the next and indexed all pages by saving the content of the web pages into a huge database. Crawlers or spiders visit a web page, read it, and then follow links to other pages within the site and even follow links to other sites. Web crawlers return to each site on a regular basis, such as every month or two, to look for changes. Everything a crawler finds goes into a database, which people are able to query.

The advantage of the web crawlers is that they have an extensive database with almost the complete Internet indexed in it. The disadvantage is that you get thousands of web pages as a response for almost any request.

Web directories work a little differently. First of all they contain a structured tree of information. All information entered into this tree is either entered by the webmaster who wants to announce his new web page or by the directory maintainer who looks at the web pages submitted. The directories where webmasters can submit both the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and the description normally contain more misleading information.

Getting into most web directories is a combination of luck and quality. Although anyone is able to submit a web page, there is no guarantee that a certain page will be included. Some directories charge for submission, which is basically a rip-off.

Some crawlers maintain an associated directory. If your site is in the directory, the ranking of your web site normally will be higher, as it is already pre-classified. Many directories work with crawlers together, in order to deliver results, when nothing can be found in the directory.

Meta search engines do not have a database with URLs and descriptions. Instead they have a database of search engines. If you enter your keywords into a meta search engine it will send out requests to all the directories and crawlers it has stored in its database. The meta search engines with a more sophisticated application in the background are able to detect double URLs which come back from the various search engines and present only a single URL to the customer.

In what seems like the prehistoric times of computer history; the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a widespread rumor that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than fifty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but not less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.

Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.

Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

People over the age of 65 in the U.S.A are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families.

For many senior citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety.

Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire.

The number of senior citizens in the U.S.A is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans in now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.

In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged tangibly, in things that could be touched: foods, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system (以货易货贸易制度) was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money (不兑换的纸币), paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.

Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to arrays of “bits and bytes,” or units of computerized information, whizzing (发嗖嗖声) between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.

Personal interviewing (面试) is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area. Otherwise, the time and expense spent in traveling from one person to another makes this type of interviewing economically impractical. Personal interviewing is usually used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by another technique. For example, a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial answers that might be obtained with another method.

It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques. Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many cases, human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interviewee (应试者) as an invasion of privacy or threatening in any way will probably produce false or partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer (面试者) must interpret the respondent’s statements, a certain amount of information loss results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully.

In spite of the problems, at least two major advantages are provided by this research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers.

In the United States, boys and girls start school when they are five years old. In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they graduate from secondary school. Another name for secondary school is high school.

Most children go to public elementary and secondary schools. The parents of public school pupils do not have to pay directly for their children’s education because tax money supports the public schools. If a child attends a private school, his parents pay the school for the child’s education.

Today about half of the high school graduates go on to colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities receive tax money from the government. A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. Private colleges and universities are expensive; however, almost half of the college students in the United States work while they are studying. When a student’s family is not rich, he has to earn money for part of his college expenses.

Searching by keyword is the most common method of using a search engine, but the problem with keywords is the relatively imprecise results and the return of a lot of irrelevant information. Keywords may have more than one meaning and search results may be found only by using a synonym of the keyword. The method of browsing on the other hand takes too much to find the relevant information. Directories like Yahoo try to circumvent the problem, but the manual process of classifying material on the web takes up too much time, resulting in very few search results, as not everything on the web can be classified. Therefore new paradigms of searching are needed as well as new software that is able to categorize web sites automatically.

The majority of search engines come from the United States and has specialized in English resources and information reflecting the American culture. People who do not speak English or who are non-native speakers have therefore many disadvantages on the web.

The centralized approach to information retrieval has extreme difficulty in coping with the multilingual and multi-cultural nature of the information society. The Internet has become a success throughout the world, but the American search engines operate with a US-centric company structure and tend to concentrate upon the English language. Although many search engines have subsidiaries in many other countries, like Japan or Italy, the way the information is presented is the American way and may not reflect the logic of the people who are using it.

National search engines in Russia or France, for example, have to deal with far smaller sets of information and specialize in the cultural and linguistic environments that they know best. Their disadvantage is that the queries are in Russian or French and the search results contain only a small subset of possible results on the web, as they are restricted to the language. This strongly reduces the possibility of using the Web as a source for the worldwide diffusion of information.

Larger search engines, such as Altavista are able to perform multilingual searches, which presents search results in multiple languages. This is good, if the searcher knows all the languages, but if, for example, an Indian finds a Japanese web site on the search topic, this may not be helpful.

Text documents that are in special formats (such as Postscript or Star Office Documents) are unreachable for many search engines, as the textual information is embedded into the binary structure of the particular file format. The same applies to scanned documents, Java applets and video/audio clips. The content of these file formats is hidden from search engines today. Only if the description of the file format is known and included into the search engine is it possible to add the content for certain document types. This is relatively easy, just a matter of work. Infoseek for example, is able to index the content of Word documents. More difficult is the inclusion of content that is hidden in applications, as there is no way to tell where the information may be hidden.

The research and development in information and data retrieval is aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval. Individual and parallel development for database management systems has left this sector without a centralized vision and coordination between the different types of search engines. Search engines on the Internet are very specific and not able to cope with multiple database formats and file types. In order to make searches complete a search engine needs to search over text, documents, images, sounds and all other media formats. So the database integration will be the single most important objective for the future of intelligent search engines.

Shopping-bag ladies don’t beg publicly, but they do not refuse what is offered. Once a shopping-bag lady appears where you live, it is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to pay no attention to the collection box in church. And although you may not like it, if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, it is as morally hard to turn her away as it is to do with a lost dog.

Most shopping-bag ladies seem to be between the ages of 40 and 65. They wear layers of clothes even in summer time, with newspapers filled between the layers as something against bad weather.

No one knows how many shopping-bag ladies there are in New York. The number is going up. Some persons and researchers spend a great deal of time taking care of or observing shopping-bag ladies and doing what they can to better the life lady hermits（隐士） who’re down.

Relaxation therapy (=treatment). If you read the sentence out loud, your blood pressure will go up. If you talk to another person, it will go still higher. If the talk is with your boss, your pressure will go even higher. If you speak to someone of the opposite sex, your pressure may show less change if you’re married than if you’re single.

Dozens of times each day, your blood pressure changes with what you’re feeling and doing. These “ups and downs” take place in everyone, but they are more severe in people with high blood pressure. That discovery is the basis for the newest therapy: controlling blood pressure by learning skills to control everyday stress.

Many patients control their blood pressure with the relaxation response. This takes four simple things: a quiet environment, a comfortable position(sitting or lying down), the repeating of a word, prayer or phrase each time you breathe and having none of other thoughts.

Something remarkable happens when you do this, according to research in Boston. Relaxation of the mind and body has the effect that some blood-pressure pills would have. What’s more, the blood pressure stays lower, just as it would with a pill, after you have stopped the relaxation and have returned to the stress of daily life.

The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recent paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (priceline.com), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (e-Bay.com).

The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.

To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”

For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything — from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers.

Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.

Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket—maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter (木匠) has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as “workmanship” (技艺). Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies (旋律) and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard.

Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly.

Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be “the newer the better”, the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.

The advent of computers has brought with it a new set of opportunities for mischief (危害) and crime. Today, computers are easy to come by and many people know how computer technology works. More importantly, the growing use of computer networks can multiply a breach (破坏) of security, making larger numbers of people more vulnerable(脆弱的) than would be the case if they were using single, stand-alone computers.

What’s more, computer experts agree that despite recent widespread publicity-

computer viruses(病毒) are only one of many computer security problems facing the nation.

The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Project Agency has requested that the Research Council’s(委员会) Computer Science and Technology Board assess(评定) the security problems posed by computer technology, see what solutions may already exist, review research efforts aimed at avoiding security problem in the future, and evaluate existing policies relevant to computer security. The study committee will examine the issue of security for a broad spectrum of users, including the business, national security, and academic communities, as well as the general public.

David D.Clark, senior research scientist, Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, will chair the committee of experts in electronic security, net work security, computer law, software engineering, cryptography(密码编制), and operating systems. The committee will also include computer users from the defense and banking industries.

If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.

It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write.

Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful.

Curley says the most easily justified e-business investments are those that provide business value and improve IT efficiency. One example he cites: peer-to-peer enabled e-learning, or distance learning facilitated by technology. This provides just-in-time instruction that can be more effective and efficient than traditional education—and uses the existing corporate IT infrastructure. “This makes the investment attractive to both the business and the information technology organization,” Curley says.

What makes e-business investments the same as other IT investments? Curley says it’s the need to understand the goals and the investment’s expected impact. Is the impact improved business efficiency, effectiveness or perhaps business transformation?

But what makes e-business investments different? For starters, there is the pace at which investments may need to be made. The faster you move, the less likely you are to have operational excellence. The key is getting everyone to agree on the right tradeoff.

Experts note healthy trends as a result of the economic downturn. Rather than blindly pouring cash into Internet divisions, for example, executives are recognizing that business is business — whether online or in person. They also recognize that all the returns aren’t obvious at the start.

Have you ever been in a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and made up your mind to pay attention and never have daydreaming again. Most of us, from earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.

“On the contrary,” says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology, “daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day...You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues.”

Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures… Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life.”

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It’s easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in your life and find out a possible way of handling them.

Daydream cannot be predicted; they move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of useful ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

So the next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop. Just pay attention to your dream. It may be more important than you think.

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Everybody telecommuting (远程办公). “It won’t work in most jobs”, ‘It costs too much”, “It reduces air pollution”,”It helps people balance family and work responsibilities”, and “Most people are doing it”.

In reality researchers continue to find strong growth and acceptance of telecommuting. Nearly two-thirds of the top 1000 companies in the world have a telecommuting program, and 92 percent say it reduces cost and improves worker productivity (生产力). The days of everyone commuting to the office five days a week are quickly disappearing.

Telecommuting involves a non-traditional work arrangement enabling workers to work at home or elsewhere, some or all of the time. This is not a new，novel, or untested way of working.

But is it for you? Telecommuting is not a panacea (万能药). Whether you are a manager，or an HR (Human Resources) specialist, there are decisions to make and actions to take before you begin a telecommuting arrangement.

Join us for any or all of the following meetings to get answers，information，and resources to develop and carry out a successful telecommuting arrangement. Each meeting offers you an informative presentation followed by the opportunity for a discussion with a panel of “experts” who have made telecommuting work for them.

PayPal is considered as the 1 reliable and widely used payment gateway. 2 different online businesses use this facility via cards, debit cards or 3 the website itself. The PayPal payment system is 4 user-friendly that can be installed in online shopping cart software that 5 safe and easy e-commerce website solutions. Companies 6 their own URL can insert code into the website 7 payment gateways provided by any reliable service provider. You can also 8 for a free trial for the shopping software.

According to experts, 9 increase web traffic flow to an e-commerce website, solutions 10 can be used are as follows—graphic designing, web design of the home page, flash animation, template web page design service and so on.

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愿意买该产品的人越多，价格就降得越多。（the more, the more）

电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤。 （involve, interactive steps）

为了获得市场份额，他们必须竭尽全力。（market share, go to lengths）

我们要在出发前把一切都规划好。（plan out, departure）

她对这消息的反应如何？ （reaction）

你可以把不重要的细节删掉。（cut out）

我将负责全公司的协调工作。（coordination）

他能确保我们订了房间吗？（make sure）

我们要利用一切教育机会。（take advantage of）

这个公司试图降低产品价格来促进销售。（cut down）

这张桌子占的地方太大。（take up）

他既种菜也种花。(as well as)

他似乎很可能通过入学考试。（likely）

她把句子中不必要的词删除掉了。(eliminate)

她有能力做这项工作。(ability)

你评定一种酒的好坏时用什么标准?(criteria)

The Internet is a powerful and cost-effective tool for conducting market research regarding consumer behavior, identifying new markets, and testing consumer interest in new products.

Online market research utilizing the Internet is frequently more efficient, faster, and cheaper, and you have the ability to get a more geographically diverse(不同的) audience than those found in offline surveys.

The larger the sample size, the larger the accuracy and the predictive capabilities of the results.

telephone surveys can cost as much as $50 dollars per respondent.

It also tells management when a product or a service is no longer popular.

While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate, the fact is that early planning ultimately determines the potential success or failure of a start-up.

Importantly, this work also includes a valuable diagnostic survey that helps entrepreneurs quantify the strength of the business and identify problem areas.

Loss of focus, an inability to fulfill customer orders or service, and a mismatch of top management with the corporate culture are but a few common reasons that businesses fail.

In addition, management must recognize the company’s market position and the potential of its ideas in the market.

By keeping a close eye on these found areas — strong leadership and management, good people, a solid business plan, and a product that people want to purchase — businesses can position themselves to weather inevitable challenges.

Now some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential.

According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion.

The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world.

But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry.

For instance，they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce.

我们怎样才能防止这种疾病蔓延？（prevent… from, disease）

Continuous innovation, a critical element of e-business strategy, is at the mercy of an organization’s communication structure.

Executives who have successfully led change efforts advocate in-person discussions and meetings as the most effective communication vehicles.

The degree to which information flows down through the organization can influence how well the change vision is understood and embraced.

The bot future is not yet certain. For example, providers must find ways to reduce per-transaction costs before widespread adoption can occur.

Nowadays we can buy goods online, book holidays or have texts translated over the Internet in an instant.

Over the last few years the Internet has evolved from being a scientific network only, to a platform that is enabling a new generation of businesses.

In the e-business environment, building a relationship with customers is critical, and this cannot be achieved without hearing their suggestions, needs and desires.

In today’s business environment, the challenge associated with communication is not simply one of volume.

Business intelligence software unifies data from a wide array of functional areas and departments to provide a holistic understanding of the business.

Most probably you already know the example of the empty refrigerator that sends an e-mail to the grocery with a request for fresh milk that will be delivered to the doorstep before breakfast in the morning.

A device in this case can be anything with a silicon chip inside and an Internet connection.

the e-business in the title is not the same as IBM is seeing it, it is much more, as you will discover by reading this book, therefore the “B” in e-business not written in capital letters as in IBM’s ease.

You can glean trends during peak traffic periods that result in server overloads, or identify search criteria that consistently fail to deliver anticipated content.

Track Web hits or transactions against fluctuations in your offline sales channels, for example, or see what happens to order volumes at the beginning of a fiscal quarter when many departments have new budgets to work with.

Once you have this data gathered, business intelligence applications let you analyze the information to help you optimize your Web site.

You’ll also be able to learn what people search for once they get to your site, as well as the time it takes to find it.

Money is not the end itself, but the application of it is most important.

Frost turns water into ice.

The Internet permits you to build a dynamic relationships that are really one to one.

When it comes to his father, he keeps silent.

On the way of study, we must be ready to grapple with (overcome) many difficulties.

Did you have any answer to your advertisement yet?

I think she is taking advantage of his good nature

It was an embarrassing situation that called for tact.

He refused a job in government in favor of a university appointment.

I was too discouraged by this failure to try again.

Don’t trust him no matter what he says.

He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction.

Development of exchanges that aggregate the information harvested by bots in order to reduce transaction costs and eliminate concerns of fraud.

The emergence of the bot-aggregator exchange as a primary sales channel, which employs rules to enable transactions.

Even as exchanges emerge to enable rich interaction among companies, businesses are looking forward to the Internet to enable the adoption of truly dynamic pricing .

The implications for businesses are vital, since this emerging technology may change how companies sell their goods.

他已不在赌博。(through)

我不知道这本书是否值得一读。(be worth)

那个计划已开始就注定要失败。(doom)

所有这些趋势都毫无疑问地对电子商务市场产生着深远的影响。(undoubtedly)

工业革命改变了整个英国的社会结构。(modify)

信息产品可以在顷刻间传遍全世界,所以特别有风险。(at risk as)

在商业中，客户服务对于其成长和繁荣至关重要。(be vital to)

很多人在网上购物只是图个方便。(for convenience)

按照信息的重要性进行分类也非常有必要。(be necessary)

为了得到更好的搜索结果，不仅需要提高 搜索引擎的技术，而且需要改进用户界面。(in order to)

必须考虑外在威胁以保护名誉免受破坏。(be considered to)

你这些乱糟糟的东西占用了太多空间。(take up)

个人并不是利用实物交易的唯一实体。(take advantage)

我怎么也意想不到那个时候他会突然出现。(pop up)

我们要提前准备所有申请材料。(in advance)

这很便宜, 但另一方面质量不好。(on the other hand)

它确实需要你重新思考你的整个经营方式和管理企业的策略。(involve)

我有时感到区分西班牙语和葡萄牙语很困难。(distinguish)

务必打个电话让我们知道你已安全地回家。(be sure)

从一方面来说这个项目花费太大，另一方面也太难实施。(carry out)

他们在大规模准备战争。(scale)

你必须有计划地安排这些步骤以便将你的提议变成现实。(reality)

这常需要制定软件。(call for)

他宁可自己做衣服而不愿意去商店买。(prefer)

为方便大宗交易，公司打算使网站的界面更加人性化。(in bulk)

网络电子商务市场的这一增长必定会产生新的工作和商业机会。(generate)

给你的客户提供各种支付方式。(available)

社会营销追随着社交网络的趋势。(social marketing)

你的网店如何与众不同?(differ)

在某种程度上，男性更容易找到报酬高的工作。（to ... extent, well-paid jobs）

我们必须尽最大可能地利用我们已有的资源。（make use of, resources）

应该由你决定是否实施这一计划。（up to, carry out）

供水条件的改善会给健康带来巨大的影响。 （water supply, have an effect on）

由于天气原因，航班已经推迟一个小时了。（due to, delay）

我们必须想办法进入敌人的电脑获得情报。（get access to）

结果非常不令人满意，和我们所期望的恰恰相反。（as opposed to）

不管你怎么读法，这个句子总是不知所云。 （make sense）

那机会太好了，不能错过。（too...to...）

我付了同等金额的美元。(equivalent)

我和他合作这个工程。(associate)

我们公司并非总是高额盈利。(profit)

它很便宜，但在另一方面，质量很差。(on the other hand )