1. I _____ (listen) to the radio when you rang the bell the first time, and that’s why I did not hear you.

2. If you _____ not (tell) Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.

3. He will be giving lectures on the tour. By the end of the tour he ______ (give) exactly the same lecture 50 times.

4. It is necessary that every member ____ (inform) himself of these rules.

5. It is high time you ___ (stop) doing this translation.

6. Don’t take his remarks too seriously. He was so upset that I don’t think he really _____ (know) what he was saying.

7. Please remember ______ (post) the letter for me.

8. They _______ (catch) in a snowstorm on their way home last month.

9. It took me two hours _____ (get) my 3-year-old daughter to sleep

10. My butterfly garden has a sign which ___ (say) “Butterflies Welcome”.

1. While the train ______ (still move), a great many men suddenly jumped out. I thought that something terrible was happening, so I ran away.

2. I’d rather you ______ (give) me a new one instead of having the old one repaired as you did.

3. He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says by the end of next year he ______ (plant) 2000.

4. It is highly desirable that every effort ______ (make) to reduce expenditure.

5. It’s just struck midnight. It’s time we ______ (go) to bed.

6. Don’t take his remarks too seriously. He was so upset that I don’t think he really _____ (know) what he was saying.

7. Don’t you remember ______ (meet) him at my house?

8. It took me two hours ______ (do) my homework.

9.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ______ (increase) greatly.

10. He is squatting beside a notice which ______ (read) “No smoking”.

1. Turn left and you ______ (find) a tall building in front of you.

2. This time next week, we ______ (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.

3. I dislike Bill’s dishonesty. He ______ (always tell) lies.

4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday______ (not decide) yet.

5. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______ (complete) in our university.

6. Chairman Mao said pride ______ (go) before a fall.

7. When my father arrived, I ______ (discuss) the Gone with the Wind with my mother.

8. Jack is 80 years old, but he often walks as if he ______ (is) a young man.

9. Susan said she ____ (teach) English for 20 years by the end of this semester.

10. This is the first time we ______ (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

1. I will make sure that everything ______ (be) in order.

2. When summer comes, the weather ______ (get) hotter and hotter.

3. It is reported that by the end of this month, the output of steel in the factory ______ (rise) by about 10%.

4. I ________ (mean) to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.

5. Leave a note for them on the table and they ______ (see) it when they come in.

6. – I’m sorry that John is out.

– Please ask him to call me as soon as he __________ (return).

7. When our English teacher arrived, I ______ (discuss) the Pride and Prejudice with Jane.

8. He acted as if he ______ (know) English very well.

9. Mr. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because he ______ (teach) a class then.

10. – Hi, Tracy, you look pale.

– I am tired. I ______ (paint) the living room all day.

1. The remains of Shakespeare (be) buried on Stratford-on-Avon.

2. There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light.

3. If (translate) word by word, the passage will be difficult to be digested.　

4. This wasn’t the first time John (try) to travel in this strange fashion.

5. The Flight CN222 (take off) in 10 minutes. Please have your boarding pass ready.

6. Chairman Mao said pride (go) before a fall.

7. The CEO (consider) a transfer to Shanghai since last month, where profits will be larger.

8. Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me (know).

9. She (work) here for ten years by the end of this month.

10. Susan told me that she (come) to see me when she visited China again.

1. How delicious the soup________ (taste)!

2. I ________ (have) a bath when the phone rang.

3. Please come another time. The Dean ________ (go) to the post office.

4. Try again and you ________ (pass) the test, I’m sure.

5. I ________ (wait) for you at the cinema at six tomorrow evening.

6. So far the workers ________ (build) twelve bridges.

7. She left the office when she ________ (type) the documents.

8. He said he ________ (be) here as soon as he was wanted

9. - You look tired!

- Yes, I ________ (write) letters since breakfast.

10. They________ (cross) the river by lunch time if they can find a ferry boat.

What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people, and ( 1 ). Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than ( 2 ), and you tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know that, because they have been seriously studying the ( 3 ) colors have on human beings. They tell us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favorite color as we grow up,—we are born with our ( 4 ) .

Colors do influence our moods. A yellow room makes most people feel more ( 5 ) and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is ( 6 ) . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the ( 7 ) of more suicides than other bridges in the area — until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell ( 8 ); perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been painted in pink or baby blue.

Bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is an ( 9 ) fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have ( 10 ) accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a ( 1 ) voice in the year before the Civil War. A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) ( 2 ) Douglass’s birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a ( 3 ) site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass’s personal possessions, had undergone a three-year ( 4 ). (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don’t have to live in the nation’s capital to visit it. Take a tour online.) He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black ( 5 ) to hold a government office — as US minister and consul general to Haiti. As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he ( 6 ) taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity. In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system ( 7 ) up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the ( 8 ) , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time. He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass ( 9 ) the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution, which ( 10 ) African-Americans the right to vote.

In 1837, to the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse, ( 1 ) horrified her mother. In those days, nurses were little more than doormen, and hospitals were places of ( 2 ) and neglect. Nightingale pressed on and in 1853 she became ( 3 ) of a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war broke out there ( 4 ) Britain and Russia. She ( 5 ) the first of what we now know as war hospitals: sanitary, safe, and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations to the ( 6 ) soldiers made her famous all over the world. Following the war, Nightingale ( 7 ) fame and continued to train nurse, ever battling ( 8 ) what she herself declared “a commonly received idea... that it requires nothing but a disappointment in love, or incapacity in other things, to ( 9 ) a woman into a good nurse.” Since 1921, her birthday ( 10 ) the centerpiece of National Hospital Week, observed in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions, workshops, and publicity drives.

Many people think the discovery of warlike behavior among chimps (黑猩猩) supports the view that war among humans is ( 1 ). In fact，the work of some primatologists (灵长类行为学家) suggests ways to reduce human conflict.

“We and all the primates have a tendency to be ( 2 ) to non-group members, ” says Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. But the level of aggression ( 3 ) by individuals depends on their environment. He found, for example, that rhesus monkeys (猕猴)，which are ( 4 ) aggressive, grow up to become kinder and gentler when raised by mild-mannered stump-tail monkeys (短尾猴).

De Waal has also reduced conflicts among monkeys and apes by increasing their interdependence – making them cooperate to obtain food, for example – and ( 5 ) they had equal ( 6 ) to food. He points to the considerable ( 7 ) between nations and groups of people, and believes that by fostering (促进) ever more economic cooperation through alliances (联盟) such as the European Union we can promote peace.

Primate violence is not blind and ( 8 ) but calculating and responsive to circumstance, says Richard Wrangham from Harvard University. Chimps only fight when they think they can get ( 9 ) with it. “That’s the lesson that I draw for humans.” Wrangham says that although we are much less risk-averse (不愿承担风险的) than chimps, human societies – from hunter-gatherers to modem nations – also ( 10 ) much more aggressively toward rival groups if they are confident they can prevail (占优势). He reckons that reducing imbalances of power between nations should reduce the risk of war.

The appearance of genetically ( 1 ) foods in the marketplace has resulted ( 2 ) a firestorm of public debate, scientific discussion, and media coverage. A ( 3 ) of ecological and human health concerns come with the new advances ( 4 ) possible by genetic modification.

What are the benefits?

Genetically modified foods (GM foods or GMF) offer a way to quickly improve crop characteristics such as yield, pest ( 5 ), or herbicide ( 6 ), often to a degree not possible with traditional methods.

Further，genetically modified crops can be manipulated to produce completely ( 7 ) substances, from the precursors to plastics to consumable vaccines.

What are the risks?

The power of genetic modification techniques ( 8 ) the possibility of human health， environmental，and economic problems，including unanticipated allergic ( 9 ) to novel substances in foods，the spread of pest resistance or herbicide tolerance to wild plants，inadvertent toxicity to benign wildlife, and increasing control of agriculture by ( 10 ) corporations.

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is ( 1 ) for calculations of pay，while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.

If a firm wants to ( 2 ) a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a ( 3 ) of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be ( 4 ), that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points,” which are ( 5 ) together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ( 6 ) to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without ( 7 ) to an evaluation system based on points.

In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should ( 8 ) the value of each job with these in the job market. Necessarily, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to ( 9 ) the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are ( 10 ).

Is there something as truth? For a good many centuries “the search for truth” has been ( 1 ) the noblest activity of the human mind, but the seekers after truth have come to such ( 2 ) conclusions that it often seems that very little progress has been made. ( 3 ) there are many people who feel that we are actually going backward. They ( 4 ) often contemptuously, that we have accumulated more “knowledge” than our ancestors, but they think we are farther from the truth than ever, or even that we have ( 5 ) the truth that we once possessed.

If people look for anything long enough without finding it, the question naturally arises ( 6 ) the thing is really there to find. You have seen a picture of an animal with a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail—and maybe an eagle’s wings for good measure. There is plenty of evidence that each part of this animal ( 7 ) —there is no ( 8 ) evidence that the parts ever occur in this ( 9 ) It is at least conceivable that the seekers after “truth” have made a similar mistake and invented an ( 10 ) combination.

There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the ( 1 ) of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people ( 2 ) in northern Europe who left their homelands and settled in England. ( 3 ) in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each other and less and less like the other languages of Europe. ( 4 ), the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their ( 5 ) language. In time, people moved from the small island to many parts of the world, taking their language with them and thus still remaining members of the English speech community ( 6 ) they settled.

A speech community is ( 7 ) to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, ( 8 ) they do in the neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. Many nations are composed of a ( 9 ) major speech community. National boundaries, ( 10 ), are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. Some nations are made up of many speech communities. A speech community, then, is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

1. It is astonishing that ___________________________________________________(竟然有这么多学生缺课).

2. ______________________________________________ (世界上还存在饥饿) makes us uncomfortable.

3. ________________________________________________________ (这对我们有好处还是有坏处) remains to be seen.

4. ___________________________________________________ (我们什么时候能完成任务) depends on the weather information.

5. We all have heard _________________________________________________ (他死于车祸这条消息).

6. The meeting will be put off till next month, ___________________________________ (到那时我们将已经做好了一切准备).

7. A rocket carried oxygen with it, _____________________________________________ (这使得它可以在太空中旅行).

8. Can you tell me the reason __________________________________________________ (你如此沮丧的原因).

9. Hardly had I had time to change my dress _____________________________________ (当第一位客人到达时).

10. Alice won’t move to the new house _________________________________________ (除非她祖母和她一起搬走).

1. The king ordered that ______________________________________________________ (这个人应该被释放).

2. It’s time that we _________________________________________________________ (开会讨论这个问题).

3. I asked him _____________________________________________________________ (他成功的秘诀是什么).

4. In spite of the fact _______________________________________________________ (他最初的试验失败了).

5. You must be aware that ____________________________________________________ (你正在做的一切是违法的).

6. Which of us ____________________________________________________________ (懂得些物理知识的人) does not know this?

7. The shed in our garden, ___________________________________________________ (这是我父亲在很多年前建的), has lasted for a long time.

8. I met a professor, who teaches linguistics and __________________________________ (他的妻子是个英语老师).

9. ____________________________________________________________ (当他被告之这一消息时), he couldn’t hide his excitement.

10. ____________________________________________________(到地震结束时), millions of people became homeless.

1. He suggested that ________________________________________________________ (我应该适应新的环境).

2. It’s high time __________________________________________________________ (他们应该好好被教训一顿了).

3. The police asked me ________________________________________________________ (我认识邻居多久了).

4. A man cannot be really happy if ______________________________________________ (一个人喜欢做的事被社会忽视).

5. She denied that she had seen the man and that __________________________________ (否认同他有过联系).

6. This is one of the most interesting ____________________________________________ (近几年出品的电影).

7. In general, ________________________________________________________ (人们看待自我的方式) has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.

8. __________________________________________ _________________ (任何专心、刻苦的学生) will be praised.

9. ________________________________________________________ (他一到美国), he started to look for a job.

10. ________________________________________________________ (只要我们不灰心), we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

1. Jane suggested that__________________________________________________ (我再吃一个桔子).

2. I’d rather ___________________________________________________________ (你不要提到价格).

3. The doctors are trying to determine _____________________________________ (这个病人是否有传染病).

4. It has not been determined ______________________________________________

_________________________ (海龟在其自然环境中能活多少年). (海龟：sea turtle)

5. I consider it a great honor that _________________________________________ (今天能在这里和你们相聚).

6. __________________________________________________________________ (李教授在报告里强调的几点) are very important indeed.

7. I shall use the instrument in such ________________________________________ (他昨天使用它的方式).

8.I don’t want to invite __________________________________________________ (那些我不喜欢的人).

9. ______________________________________________ (我一走进房间), I knew the house had been broken in.

10. He is not ___________________________________________(与他过去一样瘦).