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The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Difficult cultures are some prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered (given) to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
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In cities across the United States, old factories, warehouses, schools, railroad stations and other buildings are being renovated for new uses. City planners and private investors are finding that good buildings, no matter how old, can be remodeled for new purposes. “If you’d asked someone four or five years ago whether he’d rent an apartment in an abandoned piano factory or clothing warehouse, he’d have thought you were crazy,” says a New York architect, “Today, many people are eager to do it.” The renovating may include a former city hall or courthouse changed into offices; a bank or church changed into a restaurant; or, as in Plains, Georgia, a railroad station used as a center for a presidential campaign. Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned buildings and starting from the beginning. A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised projects. They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, where an old chocolate factory was restored and made into shops and restaurants; Trolley Square in Salt Lake City, where abandoned car warehouses became a shopping mall; the Soho district of New York City, where unused warehouses were made into artists’ studios and apartments. What caused the change? “One reason is nostalgia,” a San Francisco builder suggests. “Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying. Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal.” A second cause is economy. The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure. Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections. Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better. A Boston architect says, “The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building — one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality.” Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job.
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In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. |
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约翰说他已经下定决心要学习信息技术。 |
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你最好别再拐弯抹角了，告诉我你到底想要什么？ |
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经理让我代表他主持这次会议，我犹豫了一下，最后还是同意了。 |
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面试的时候你一定不要紧张。你应该表现得镇静、自信。 |
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我所受的教育也不完全都是失败，它使得我对这个世界有个较好的概括了解。 |
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Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind include a piece of Homer’s mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare--- the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. |
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他已经下定决心要戒烟。 |
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不要紧张。这只是个小测试。 |
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Write a composition on the following topic with no less than 200 words. Air Pollution |
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Write a composition on the following topic with no less than 200 words. Chinese Dream (中国梦)
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